User information

The analyses in this paper utilize data from the restricted-use microdata files of the long-form
United States 2000 decennial census. The US Census Bureau makes restricted-use datasets available 
to researchers with approved projects. Because the disclosure of sensitive and confidential data 
is prohibited under US law, researchers must agree to protect the data and avoid the disclosure of 
personal identifiable information and other confidential data. Confidentiality extends to products 
created using the restricted-use data until the Census Bureau has reviewed and approved those 
products for release. The Census Bureau's review is limited only to compliance with policies to avoid
disclosure of confidential information.

This policy has several implications for transparency and replication. We describe these implications
more fully in the appendix of our paper. Importantly, the Census Bureau prohibits the release of 
replication data but permits the release of replication code. The released code must not contain data, 
including hardcoded values that rely on restricted information. We have therefore redacted our code 
accordingly.

Readers interested in replicating the findings in this paper may apply to the US Census Bureau to 
access the restricted-use microdata at a Federal Statistical Research Data Center (RDC). Approved 
researchers can import the code and consult the documentation that accompanies the 2000 decennial 
to recover the redacted hardcoded values in the code. 

More information about applying for access is available the Census Bureau's FSRDC website: 
https://www.census.gov/about/adrm/fsrdc.html.

Any views expressed are those of the authors and not those of the U.S. Census Bureau. The Census Bureau 
has reviewed this data product to ensure appropriate access, use, and disclosure avoidance protection of
the confidential source data used to produce this product. This research was performed at a Federal 
Statistical Research Data Center under FSRDC Project Number 2896. (CBDRB-FY25-P2896-R11993)


